The preferred method for reducing the CO2 content of cement currently involves replacing part of the clinker with “low-carbon” components that have proven binder properties, thereby reducing CO2 emissions in the production process. The goal of this research is to demonstrate the production of substitutes with hydraulic and/or pozzolanic properties derived from the thermal treatment of locally available secondary raw materials. These raw materials mainly come from the gravel, clay, and limestone industries (dolomite). These materials, which predominantly consist of industrial by-products and waste from gravel/clay pits and quarries, offer significant potential to promote sustainability in cement production.

The research follows a comprehensive approach, applying various characterization methods. These include chemical, mineralogical, and thermal analyses, particle size determinations, as well as the examination of materials using electron microscopy. These methods aim to thoroughly investigate the physical-chemical properties of the raw materials and assess their potential reactivity. A key objective of the research is to identify the most suitable thermal and physico-chemical treatment processes to make the raw materials optimal for cement production. Through these approaches, the goal is not only to reduce environmental impact but also to significantly improve the efficiency and sustainability of cement production.

Prof. Waldmann has led the INTERREG project CO2REDRES on the described research topic. This project focused on the processing of clay-rich by-products from gravel extraction, which have been stored for years in quarries in the Greater Region. The research concentrated on the physical and mineralogical properties of these materials, which were fired at temperatures between 650-850°C – significantly lower than the 1450°C required for cement production. In addition to reducing CO2 emissions, the study demonstrated that the properties of the cement with these new binders were maintained or even improved, making them suitable for the production of eco-friendly concrete. Building on this project, further research continues in this area.